Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of Inflammatory bowel disease in which chronic inflammation of the innermost layer or lining of the large intestine or colon occurs. The inflammation is limited to the large intestine and does not affect other parts of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, like Crohn's disease.
At RWJBarnabas Health, we provide comprehensive and compassionate care for children with ulcerative colitis. Our team of pediatric gastroenterology experts understands the unique challenges young patients and their families face and is here to support them every step of the way.
What Is Ulcerative Colitis?
Ulcerative colitis is a type of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) that causes chronic inflammation of the innermost lining of the large intestine (colon). Unlike Crohn’s disease, which can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, ulcerative colitis is limited to the colon. In children, the disease often involves the entire colon but can sometimes affect specific areas, such as the left side of the colon or just the rectum.
- Pancolitis. Involves the entire colon.
- Left-sided colitis. Affects the last foot or so of the colon.
- Proctitis. Limited to the last inch of the rectum.
Ulcerative Colitis Causes
The exact cause of ulcerative colitis is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors. In children with ulcerative colitis, the immune system is unable to "turn off" and mistakenly attacks the colon, causing chronic inflammation and damage.
Ulcerative Colitis Symptoms
Symptoms in children can vary depending on the severity and location of the inflammation. Common symptoms include:
- Frequent, bloody diarrhea
- Abdominal pain and cramping
- Urgent need to use the bathroom
- Fatigue and weakness
- Unexplained fevers
- Poor growth and delayed puberty
- Extraintestinal symptoms such as joint pain, skin rashes, and eye inflammation
Ulcerative Colitis Diagnosis
Diagnosing ulcerative colitis involves several tests:
- Blood tests. To check for anemia, protein levels, and inflammation markers (CRP, ESR).
- Stool tests. To detect inflammation and rule out infections.
- Upper endoscopy andcolonoscopy. To visually examine the digestive tract and take biopsies.
- Imaging studies. MRI of the intestines (MRE) to assess the extent and severity of the disease.
Ulcerative Colitis Treatments
While there is no cure for UC, effective treatments are available to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Treatment plans are personalized based on the child’s specific condition and may include:
- Medications. Anti-inflammatory drugs, immune system suppressors, and biologic agents.
- Diet and nutrition. Specialized diets and nutritional supplements.
- Surgery. In severe cases, the patient may need surgery to remove the colon. This procedure is called a total colectomy.
Ulcerative Colitis Prevention and Screening
Currently, there are no established methods for preventing ulcerative colitis. However, regular screenings and early detection are crucial for effective management. Our team is committed to monitoring and providing the best care for children with ulcerative colitis.
Compassionate Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Care
If your child is experiencing symptoms of ulcerative colitis, don’t wait. Contact RWJBarnabas Health to schedule an appointment with our pediatric gastroenterology specialists. We are here to provide the highest level of care and support for your child and family.