Colic in Infants
Hearing your baby cry excessively can be alarming and stressful, but it's important to remember that colic, while challenging, is not life-threatening and can be effectively managed with the right care.
Colic may be caused by gastrointestinal or other issues. See a pediatrician if you have concerns. Your doctor may refer you to a pediatric gastroenterologist to assess and treat your baby's symptoms. At RWJBarnabas Health, our dedicated pediatric gastroenterology team helps families navigate the challenges of colic, offering strategies and emotional support to manage this stressful period.
What Is Colic?
Colic is a condition where a baby cries excessively and inconsolably. Traditionally, it has been defined as crying for at least 3 hours a day, 3 days a week, for 3 weeks. Colic typically starts when the baby is less than 5 months old and resolves by 4 months of age.
Colic is generally considered a benign condition, meaning it does not cause long-term harm to the baby, but it can be very challenging for parents and caregivers. The treatment approach focuses on soothing the baby and supporting the family.
Causes of Colic
The exact cause of colic is unknown. It is likely to be a combination of factors that may be related to:
- Behavioral factors. Babies may cry when they don’t get what they want immediately.
- Sleep-wake cycles. Colic can often be worse in the evening.
- Possible gastrointestinal issues. Although many assume a connection, this hasn’t been proven.
- Milk allergy or altered gut bacteria. Some theories suggest these may play a role.
- Mother's medications/drugs. Any medications or drugs the mother takes may affect the baby.
Symptoms of Colic
Babies with colic may show:
- Inconsolable crying or fussing
- Back arching
- Hand clenching
- Appearing “gassy” with increased flatulence (often due to swallowing air while crying)
Colic Diagnosis
Colic is diagnosed based on specific criteria:
- Crying starts and stops before the baby is 5 months old
- No obvious cause for the crying, and parents and caregivers cannot prevent or resolve it
- No signs of failure to thrive, fever or illness
If your baby shows any of the following signs, their condition may require further investigation:
- Bloody stools
- Developmental delays
- Failure to thrive
- Fever or illness
- Vomiting
Colic Treatments
Treatment focuses on helping parents and caregivers soothe the baby and cope with the stress. Here are some tips:
- Ensure the baby is not hungry but avoid overfeeding.
- Use a pacifier.
- Change the baby’s position or provide visual stimulation.
- Talk or sing calmly to the baby.
- Rock or walk with the baby.
- Use repetitive sounds like a fan or a car ride for stimulation.
Some evidence suggests probiotics may reduce crying, particularly in breastfed babies. A trial off cow’s milk might help if a milk allergy is suspected. Small amounts of sucrose may also help soothe an inconsolable baby.
While there is no known prevention for colic, understanding the condition and having strategies in place can help manage symptoms and reduce stress for both the baby and caregivers. Consult a pediatric specialist.
Help for Colic in Infants
If you’re struggling with a colicky baby, don’t hesitate to reach out for support. Contact us to speak with a pediatrician and get the help you need.