Pneumonia, a potentially dangerous infection that causes inflammation in the lungs, can be caused by viruses and bacteria. Although there may be overlapping symptoms, understanding the differences between these two types of infections is vital for effective treatment.
Causes and Transmission
Viral pneumonia is typically the result of infection of a respiratory virus, such as influenza or SARS-CoV-2. It is spread through the transmission of respiratory droplets from sneezes and coughs.
Bacterial pneumonia is commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. In some cases, bacterial infection can result from a viral infection, because the weakened respiratory system has allowed unhealthy amounts of bacteria to thrive.
Symptoms and Risks
Both types of pneumonia can have similar symptoms, including: cough, fever and chills, fatigue, chest tightness and shortness of breath.
But while viral pneumonia often has a gradual onset, bacterial pneumonia can often present with sudden and severe symptoms, including high fever and a productive cough.
In high-risk groups, including older adults, young children and those with chronic conditions or weakened immune symptoms, both viral and bacterial pneumonia can lead to respiratory failure and other severe complications.
Available Treatments
It is important to note that dependingon the type of infection, treatment varies significantly.
- As with many bacterial infections, antibiotics are the treatment of choice for bacterial pneumonia. For severe cases, hospitalization with oxygen and intravenous medications may be necessary.
- Antibiotics are not effective in the treatment of viral pneumonia. In some cases, antivirals may be prescribed. Treatment may focus simply on hydration, rest and medications to alleviate discomfort and symptoms.