Bronchitis is a fairly common illness that leads to inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from our lungs. Though it can share some symptoms with pneumonia, the cause and the location of the infection within the respiratory system are different.
Cases of bronchitis can vary in severity, making it important to recognize the symptoms and understand the associated risks.
Understanding Bronchitis Symptoms and Risk Factors
Bronchitis is typically divided into two categories — acute and chronic, which is less common and more serious.
- Acute Bronchitis is often caused by a viral infection, and is usually associated with a variety of uncomfortable symptoms, including: cough, sore throat, fatigue, chest tightness and shortness of breath.
- Chronic Bronchitis is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by a cough lasting at least three months a year for two consecutive years. Patients with chronic bronchitis typically exhibit increased mucus production and are susceptible to more frequent respiratory infections.
The most significant risk factor for chronic bronchitis is smoking. Exposure to irritants and pollutants, asthma and other underlying conditions and age (children and the elderly are more vulnerable) are also factors. Tobacco cessation and limiting exposure to dust and pollutants can help decrease the risks.
Available Treatments
Since most cases of acute bronchitis are viral, antibiotics are rarely prescribed. Rest, hydration and over-the-counter medications like cough suppressants can ease symptoms. Humidifiers can also provide relief.
For chronic bronchitis, bronchodilators or inhaled corticosteroids can help reduce inflammation and improve airflow. In advanced cases, pulmonary rehabilitation and oxygen therapy may be needed. And if the patient is a smoker — to prevent disease progression, quitting is a must!